
What was the Grand Engineering Project of 19th Century Ethiopia?
- More than thousands of labors participated.
- It was the big Project X of Ethiopian Government.
- Few Europeans were forced or on boarded to achieve this mission impossible with local Ethiopians.
- The first of it is kind innovation for the nation.
- The location was a unique and purposely selected with care.
Inspired by the joy and heightened sprit of the completion of GERD, I was wondering what other engineering project we have pursued as a Nation in modern history.
Well for me Ethio –Djibouti Rail Road Project was the biggest from 20th century, but for now I am interested on the one from 19th century , the Greatest Engineering Pursuit of Ethiopia King Tewdroes Cannon Project.
In the mid-1850s, Emperor Tewodros II had a vision for a modern, industrialized Ethiopia. The Emperor wrote a letter to Queen Victoria asking her to send skilled workers to teach his subjects how to produce firearms, but the letter was ignored.
Well as it was happened with GERD dam project there was no external support , he come to conclusion to build it locally with available resource on hand, his known black smiths already settled in Gafat and European missionaries.
Gafat is also recorded, not only as the first industrial site in Africa, but also as the first modern learning center in the history of Ethiopia.
Addressing all the challenges of
- Limited technology knowhow
- Finding the right clay for the foundry furnace bricks
- Getting the right Raw material mixture
- Reaching the right temperature for melting metal with local charcoal.

The Smallest MVP product.
The First attempts was not successful, after many trial and errors they have finally able to casted small mortar and some bullets which numbered 15 Cannons and seven mortars. The pinnacle of all the efforts being Seven Ton ‘Sebastopol’ named after the site of battle Crimean War.
According to English Captives and historians
Tewodros said to have ‘jumped with happiness, thanked God’ and ordered them to cast bigger. They had to work ‘like slaves night and day and became successful after ‘unspeakable efforts’. …’ The king became very happy and said to have kissed the cannon and said, ‘ Now I am convinced that it is possible to make everything in Habesha. Now the art has been discovered. God at least has revealed Himself…’ He rewarded each with 1000 Maria Teresa and luxuries provisions, (Ibid. p. 29).








